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动物群体集体运动的物理建模：携带蚂蚁
Physical modeling of collective motion in animal groups: Carrying ants |
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| 课程网址: |
http://videolectures.net/kolokviji_gov_physical_modeling/
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| 主讲教师: |
Nir S. Gov
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| 开课单位: |
魏茨曼科学研究所
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| 开课时间: |
2016-05-03
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| 课程语种: |
英语
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| 中文简介: |
集体负重是一项艰巨的任务，事实上，在蚂蚁和人类之外很少见到。必须抑制集团内部的冲突，才能通过高效的集体运输取得成功。然而，墨守成规可能会导致系统对新信息没有反应。因此，蚂蚁集体运输是研究动物群体如何优化这些相反需求的理想模型系统。我们结合实验和理论来描述集体运输过程。蚂蚁被建模为二元伊辛自旋，代表蚂蚁在运输过程中可以扮演的两个角色。事实证明，蚂蚁在一个临界点附近集体保持平衡，在这个临界点上，对新附着的蚂蚁的反应是最大的。我们认为尺寸与反有效温度成正比，因此通过操纵尺寸，系统可以表现出有序和无序之间的介观转变。用绳子约束货物使系统表现为强非线性摆。理论上，我们预测，霍普夫分岔发生在一个临界尺寸，然后是一个全局分岔，出现完全摆动。值得注意的是，这些理论预测得到了实验验证。
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| 课程简介: |
Collectively carrying a heavy load is a hard task and in fact is rarely seen outside ants and humans. Conflicts within the group must be suppressed to succeed with efficient collective transport. However, conformism may render the system unresponsive to new information. Collective transport by ants is therefore an ideal model system to study how animal groups optimize these opposing requirements. We combine experiments and theory to characterize the collective transport process. The ants are modeled as binary Ising spins, representing the two roles ants can perform during transport. It turns out that the ants poise themselves collectively near a critical point where the response to a newly attached ant is maximized. We identify the size as being proportional to an inverse effective temperature and thus the system can exhibit a mesoscopic transition between order and disorder by manipulating the size. Constraining the cargo with a string makes the system behave as a strongly non-linear pendulum. Theoretically we predict that a Hopf bifurcation occur at a critical size followed by a global bifurcation where full swings emerge. Remarkably, these theoretical predictions were verified experimentally.
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| 关 键 词: |
集体负重; 动物群体; 理想模型系统
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| 课程来源: |
视频讲座网
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| 数据采集: |
2022-02-21：zkj
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| 最后编审: |
2022-02-21：zkj
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| 阅读次数: |
23
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