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HIV淋巴细胞动力学及其治疗意义

HIV Lymphocyte Dynamics and Implications for Therapy
课程网址: http://videolectures.net/mitworld_ho_therapy/  
主讲教师: David Ho
开课单位: 亚伦钻石艾滋病研究中心
开课时间: 2013-09-16
课程语种: 英语
中文简介:
很少有研究人员在自己的时代成为传奇人物,但何大卫对理解和征服艾滋病病毒的不懈追求使他赢得了世界声誉。他阐明了他的实验室在过去十年中所采取的方法,以了解艾滋病病毒如何在细胞中复制,以及一旦患者被感染,如何开发出有效的药物来阻止病毒的发展。在感染艾滋病病毒的几周内,病毒呈指数增长,迅速达到高峰,随后是一个很长的时期,在这个时期内产生的病毒颗粒的数量等于患者肝脏和脾脏清除的颗粒的数量。有一个“稳定的流出和稳定的流入,”何说。在这段可能持续10年的时间里,病毒可能不会引起症状,但它会逐渐耗尽患者体内一种重要免疫细胞的供应。 何鸿燊在上世纪90年代的研究对病毒感染的动态进行了定量研究。通过使用一种有助于阻止病毒繁殖的药物,何鸿燊发现病毒的复制和清除非常迅速。他还测量了每天病毒的产生总量,对于一个普通病人来说,这意味着1010到1012个病毒颗粒之间。 Ho说,“这种持续的高水平复制”的含义之一是高突变率。艾滋病病毒可以改变形状并逃避单一药物的控制。何鸿燊的研究帮助产生了艾滋病鸡尾酒——多种抗逆转录病毒药物,在艾滋病病毒复制周期的不同阶段阻断艾滋病病毒的发展。 虽然这些疗法降低了艾滋病的死亡率,主要是在西方国家,但何鸿燊希望能够减缓艾滋病在世界范围内的传播,特别是在非洲部分地区,那里的艾滋病人口继续呈指数级增长。一种疫苗,在病毒感染的最初几天,可以“对病毒施加更大的压力”,它可能“导致病毒停止感染,并使病毒不再流行”
课程简介: Few researchers become legends in their own time, but David Ho’s relentless quest to understand and conquer the AIDS virus has earned him worldwide renown. He elucidates the approach his lab has taken in the last decade to understanding how HIV replicates in cells, and how effective drugs have been developed to stymie the progress of the virus once a patient is infected. Within weeks of contracting HIV, there is exponential growth of the virus, which peaks swiftly, followed by a long period where the number of virus particles produced equal the number of particles cleaned out by a patient’s liver and spleen. There’s a “steady flow out and a steady flow in,” says Ho. During this period, which might last 10 years, the virus may not cause symptoms, but it steadily depletes the patient’s supply of a type of crucial immune cell. Ho’s research in the 1990s took a quantitative approach to the dynamics of viral infection. By using a drug that helped block the reproduction of the virus, Ho discovered that virus replication and clearance happened very swiftly. “Half of what’s in circulation is removed in a half-hour, to be replaced by an equal amount of virus.” He also measured the total virus production per day, which for an average patient, meant somewhere between 1010 and 10 12 virus particles. Ho says that one of the implications “of this relentless replication at very high levels” is a high mutation rate. HIV can shape shift and evade control by a single drug. Ho’s research helped generate the AIDS cocktail -- multiple antiretroviral drugs to block the progression of HIV at different points in its replication cycle. While these therapies have diminished the AIDS mortality rate, mainly in western nations, Ho hopes to slow the spread of HIV worldwide, especially in parts of Africa where it continues to grow exponentially in the population. A vaccine that could “put more pressure on the virus,” at the earliest days of infection, could potentially “cause a shut off of infection and abolish it from taking hold.”
关 键 词: 淋巴细胞; 艾滋病; 疫苗
课程来源: 视频讲座网
数据采集: 2020-12-29:yxd
最后编审: 2020-12-29:yxd
阅读次数: 55