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基础科学的力量，医学的进步应用：过去的例子，希望对精神分裂症和躁郁症
The Power of Basic Science Applied to Medical Progress: Past Examples and Hope for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Illness |
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| 课程网址: |
http://videolectures.net/mitworld_scolnick_schizophrenia/
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| 主讲教师: |
Edward Scolnick
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| 开课单位: |
博德学院
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| 开课时间: |
2012-08-07
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| 课程语种: |
英语
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| 中文简介: |
ed scolnick 是医学中目的驱动生活的典范, 它详细介绍了从一个千差万别的职业生涯中的研究里程碑, 揭示了科学洞察和协作努力如何转化为数百万人的拯救生命解决方案。这位医生变成了生物化学家, 在美国国立卫生研究院、默克大学和现在的麻省理工担任过杰出的职务, 但共同的主题团结在他的追求上: "我总是为分子和生化洞察的内在美感到兴奋。生物学是如何运作的科学发现对我来说是非常令人满意的, 事实上也是令人上瘾的. "在他的演讲中, 斯科尼克谈到了一些研究突破, 比如识别病毒癌基因, 以及开发心血管疾病的治疗方法,乙型肝炎和骨质疏松症等。他强调, 戏弄疾病的生物化学是 "药物发现成功的关键". 例如, 在马凡综合征中, 研究人员了解到突变基因会导致主动脉功能失调。找到治愈方法源于对潜在病理过程的理解。斯科尼克自豪地描述了与胆固醇积累和心血管疾病风险升高有关的基因的研究。这导致了司他汀的发展, 这有助于大幅降低心脏病患者的死亡率。斯科尼克提供了他从1981年开始在默克公司的开拓性工作的戏剧性年表, 以寻找有效的艾滋病治疗方法, 这一努力导致了蛋白酶抑制剂 crixivan。他的时间表涵盖了十多年来阻止艾滋病机制的科学合作, 涉及错误的开始、洛克比爆炸案中一名关键科学家的死亡、艾滋病活动人士和企业监督员的压力、"奇迹" 艾滋病2004年, 斯科尔尼克转向了一个新的方向: 转向精神疾病, 这个领域由于对潜在生物化学的无知而停滞了几十年。"如今, 在基因组学和计算技术的帮助下, 研究人员开始揭示精神分裂症和双相情感疾病的基本遗传结构," 斯科尼克说。"他们生物化学的大纲" 首次开始清晰, 导致了新颖疗法的真正可能性。他认为, 虽然挑战是艰巨的, 但巩固了麻省理工的 "一流的神经科学、人类遗传学、化学 (创造) 一个独特的机会, 在一个急需我们能够采取的方法和变革的领域做一些事情。注意: 卡斯特纳和霍维茨的音频水平很低, 但当斯科尔尼克开始讲话时, 音频水平就会提高。我们对现场的劣质音频捕获表示歉意。
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| 课程简介: |
An exemplar of the purpose-driven life in medical science, Ed Scolnick details research milestones from a remarkably varied career, revealing how scientific insight and collaborative effort translate into life-saving solutions for millions. This physician turned biochemist has held distinguished positions at the National Institutes of Health, Merck, and now at MIT, but common themes unite his pursuits: “I’m always excited by the inherent beauty of molecular and biochemical insights into how biology works. Making scientific discoveries for me is tremendously emotionally satisfying and in fact addicting.” In his talk, Scolnick touches on such research breakthroughs as identifying virus oncogenes, and developing treatments for cardiovascular disease, Hepatitis B, and osteoporosis, among others. He emphasizes that teasing out the biochemistry of diseases is “the key to success in drug discovery.” In Marfan syndrome, for example, investigators learned that a mutant gene leads to a malfunctioning aorta. Finding a cure flowed from understanding the underlying pathological processes. Scolnick proudly describes research on a gene involved with cholesterol buildup and an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease. This led to the development of statins, which has helped dramatically reduce the death rate in people with heart disease. Scolnick offers a dramatic chronology of his pioneering work at Merck starting in 1981 to find an effective AIDS treatment, an effort leading to the protease inhibitor Crixivan. His timeline covers more than a decade of scientific collaboration to block the mechanism of HIV, and involves false starts, the death of a key scientist in the Lockerbie bombing, pressure from AIDS activists and corporate overseers, a “miracle” AIDS patient, breakthroughs in measuring viral protein, and more than one “twist of fate.” In 2004, Scolnick turned in a new direction: toward mental illness, a field stalled for decades due to ignorance “about the underlying biochemistry and physiology of the disease.” Today, with the help of genomics and computative technologies, researchers are beginning to reveal the basic genetic architecture of schizophrenia and bipolar illness, says Scolnick. The “outline of their biochemistry” is starting to come clear for the first time, leading to the real possibility of novel therapeutics. While the challenges are formidable, he believes, consolidating MIT’s “first rate neuroscience, human genetics, chemistry (creates) a unique opportunity to do something in a field that desperately needs the kind of approach and change we were able to bring to the AIDS field.” NOTE: Audio levels for Kastner and Horvitz are very low, but improve when Scolnick begins his talk. We apologize for the inferior audio capture in the field.
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| 关 键 词: |
生物化学; 基因组学; 计算技术; 神经科学; 人类遗传学; 化学
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| 课程来源: |
视频讲座网
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| 最后编审: |
2020-06-26：zyk
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| 阅读次数: |
52
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