图 书 馆
利他主义的代价与科学探究的局限The Price of Altruism, and the Limits of Scientific Inquiry |
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| 课程网址: | http://videolectures.net/bzid2010_harman_palsi/ |
| 主讲教师: | Oren Harman |
| 开课单位: | 巴伊兰大学 |
| 开课时间: | 2010-11-22 |
| 课程语种: | 英语 |
| 中文简介: |  |
| 课程简介: | The origin of kindness is a mystery. Where do giving and altruism come from: were they inherited on the wings of natural selection – a gift bestowed upon us via the inching, evolutionary march of sacrificial amoeba, selfless penguins, and charitable baboons? Or is altruism a unique refinement, a singular human triumph over ‘nature bloody in tooth in claw’? Darwin called this his greatest single riddle and ever since thinkers have tried to crack it. Here is the mystery: If evolution is a process of survival of the fittest, and altruism is a behavior that reduces fitness, why do we find altruistic acts wherever we look in nature? Biological altruism is defined by the result of an action: if an amoeba acts in such a way as to reduce its own fitness while providing a fitness benefit to another, it is an altruist (a number of species of this single celled organism are known to sacrifice themselves for their brethren in times of dearth by building a death-inducing stalk from their own bodies upon which the rest of the colony can climb up to be carried away by a felicitous wind to better fortunes). Human, or psychological altruism, on the other hand, is all about intent: If I help an old lady cross the road because I have secret designs to be written into her will, then I am anything but a saint. Still, is there a connection between altruistic acts in amoeba – and altruism in humans? After all, just like the actions of the brainless miniature creature, the brain that allows us humans to act selflessly is a product of evolution. |
| 关 键 词: | 善良; 起源; 利他主义; 进化的选择 |
| 课程来源: | 视频讲座网 |
| 最后编审: | 2019-10-22：cwx |
| 阅读次数: | 49 |