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统计物理和社会系统:一个关键的视角(城市移动的案例)
Statistical Physics and Social Systems: A Critical Perspective (The Case of Urban Mobility) |
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| 课程网址: |
http://videolectures.net/ccss09_bazzani_spass/
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| 主讲教师: |
Armando Bazzani
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| 开课单位: |
博洛尼亚大学
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| 开课时间: |
2009-07-10
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| 课程语种: |
英语
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| 中文简介: |
统计物理在社会系统中的应用主要是在假设平均系统处于平稳状态下，从实验数据在时间或空间上的平均值中寻找宏观规律。最终的目标是将统计规律与系统的微观特性相关联:例如，理解微观相互作用的本质或指出相互作用网络的存在。然而，概率论认为，在热力学极限中，平稳分布的种类并不多，所以问题是，统计物理方法是否能够指出社会系统的复杂性。我们分析了GPS数据基地个人移动性(2%的个人车辆监控在意大利保险原因)寻找统计法律路径长度分布,时间在不同的活动相关的流动性,道路网络的流量分布和频率等级分布各个目的地。我们证明对于微观行为的简单的一般假设可以解释稳定宏观规律的存在。我们的结论是，要理解系统的复杂性，就需要在一个大尺度依赖于时间的环境中微观行为的动态数据库，以便研究瞬态的演化。远程相互作用系统的理论结果表明，瞬态可以提供更多微观相互作用性质的信息。在人类移动方面，未来将通过增加记录时间采样和增加样本量来改进GPS数据库。
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| 课程简介: |
The application of Statistical Physics to social systems is mainly related to looking for macroscopic laws that are derived from experimental data average in time or space under the assumption that the averaged system is in a stationary state. The final goal is to correlate the statistical laws to the microscopic properties of the system: for example to understand the nature of the microscopic interactions or to point out the existence of interaction networks. However the probability theory suggests the existence of few classes of stationary distributions in the thermodynamics limit, so that the question is if a statistical physics approach could be able to point out the complex nature of the social systems. We have analyzed a GPS data base for individual mobility (2% of individual vehicles are monitored in Italy for insurance reasons) to look for statistical laws on path length distributions, elapsed time in the different activities related to mobility, flux distribution in the road network and frequency rank distribution for the individual destinations. We show as simple generic assumptions on the microscopic behavior could explain the existence of stationary macroscopic laws. Our conclusion is that the understanding of the system complexity requires dynamical data base for the microscopic behavior on a large scale time-dependent environment that allows to study the evolution of the transient states. Theoretical results on long range interacting systems suggest that the transient states may provide much more information of the microscopic interaction nature. Concerning human mobility the GPS data base will be improved in the next future by enhancing the recording time sampling and by increasing the sample size.
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| 关 键 词: |
统计物理; 社会系统; 宏观规律; GPS数据库
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| 课程来源: |
视频讲座网
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| 最后编审: |
2019-10-22：cwx
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| 阅读次数: |
31
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