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拥挤城市交通的宏观建模:实证、分析推导和控制应用
Macroscopic Modeling of Traffic in Congested Cities: Empirical Evidence, Analytical Derivations and Control Applications |
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| 课程网址: |
http://videolectures.net/ccss09_geroliminis_mmoticc/
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| 主讲教师: |
Nikolas Geroliminis
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| 开课单位: |
明尼苏达大学
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| 开课时间: |
2009-07-10
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| 课程语种: |
英语
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| 中文简介: |
人们提出了各种各样的理论来描述城市中总体的车辆交通运动。他们未能创建一个具有可变输入和输出的宏观模型，可以动态地描述高峰时段。研究结果表明，城市邻里生产(平均流量与网络长度的乘积)与积累(平均密度与网络长度的乘积)之间存在一个5 & -的宏观基本图(MFD);10平方公里。它还证明了基于累积的大型网络的行为是可预测的，并且独立于它们的源-目的表。这些结果是基于对大规模城市网络的模拟和来自都市圈的真实数据的分析。提出并测试了不同类型网络中MFD存在的规律性条件。对实际数据的进一步分析表明，MFD并不是描述任何类型的大型网络的通用配方。例如，用于空间不均匀网络或非冗余网络(如高速公路交通系统)的mfd高度分散。基于变分理论的分析模型描述了至少部分受交通信号控制的城市社区网络结构与网络MFD之间的联系。MFD用于开发基于邻域累积和速度的控制策略，并在不存在基于预测方法固有的不确定性的情况下提高可达性。
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| 课程简介: |
Various theories have been proposed to describe vehicular traffic movement in cities on an aggregate level. They fall short to create a macroscopic model with variable inputs and outputs that could describe a rush hour dynamically. This work shows that a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) relating production (the product of average flow and network length) and accumulation (the product of average density and network length) exists for neighborhoods of cities in the order of 5 − 10 km2. It also demonstrates that conditional on accumulation large networks behave predictably and independently of their Origin-Destination tables. These results are based on analysis using simulation of large scale city networks and real data from urban metropolitan areas. Regularity conditions under which an MFD exists for different types of networks are proposed and tested. Further analysis of real data shows that an MFD is not a universal recipe that can describe any type of large network. For example, MFDs for spatially inhomogeneous networks or non-redundant networks, like freeway traffic systems, are highly scattered. An analytical model based on Variational Theory describes the connection between network structure and a network’s MFD for urban neighborhoods controlled at least in part by traffic signals. The MFD is applied to develop control strategies based on neighborhood accumulation and speeds and improve accessibility without the uncertainty inherent in forecast-based approaches.
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| 关 键 词: |
城市建设; 城市交通; 城市道路拓展; 交通拥堵问题
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| 课程来源: |
视频讲座网
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| 最后编审: |
2019-10-22：cwx
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| 阅读次数: |
51
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