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社会困境中的合作
Cooperation in Social Dilemmas |
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| 课程网址: |
http://videolectures.net/eccs07_hauert_csd/
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| 主讲教师: |
Christoph Hauert
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| 开课单位: |
哈佛大学
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| 开课时间: |
2007-11-28
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| 课程语种: |
英语
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| 中文简介: |
合作行为的出现和维持对他人有益但对个人代价高昂，这是进化生物学中的一个主要难题。惩罚是在社会困境中稳定和维持合作的有效机制，在动物和人类社会中无处不在，从产生毒素的微生物到执法机构，但最初罕见且代价高昂的惩罚行为如何能够立足并在人口中传播仍未得到解决。在自然界中，动物和人类经常仔细选择他们的互动伙伴或调整他们的行为模式以响应他们。在最简单的情况下，他们只是拒绝参与风险企业。这种自愿参与社会困境是防止相互背叛状态陷入僵局的有效机制，因此是合作的有力推动者，但未能使其稳定。然而，惩罚和志愿服务的共同努力可能会改变支持合作的可能性。有趣的是，尽管联合努力在无限种群中失败，但它们仍然提供了一种有效的机制来稳定有限种群的随机动态下的突变和选择的合作（和惩罚）。因此，退出的自由导致亲社会的强制。这实现了哈丁的原则：“相互强制相互[并自愿]同意''。
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| 课程简介: |
The emergence and maintenance of cooperative behavior that is beneficial to others but costly to the individual represents a major conundrum in evolutionary biology. Punishment represents an efficient mechanism to stabilize and maintain cooperation in social dilemmas and is ubiquitous in animal and human societies - ranging from toxin producing microorganisms to law enforcement institutions - but it remains unresolved how initially rare and costly punishment behavior can gain a foothold and spread through the population. In nature, animals and humans often carefully select their interaction partners or adjust their behavioral patterns in response to them. In the simplest case they simply refuse to participate in risky enterprises. Such voluntary participation in social dilemmas is an efficient mechanism to prevent deadlocks in states of mutual defection and thus represents a potent promoter of cooperation but fails to stabilize it. However, the combined efforts of punishment and volunteering may change the odds in favor of cooperation. Interestingly, even though the combined efforts fail in infinite populations they nevertheless provide an efficient mechanism to stabilize cooperation (and punishment) under the stochastic dynamics of finite populations with mutation and selection. Thus, the freedom to withdraw leads to prosocial coercion. This implements Hardin's principle: ``mutual coercion mutually [and voluntarily] agreed upon''.
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| 关 键 词: |
合作行为; 进化生物学; 行为模式
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| 课程来源: |
视频讲座网
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| 最后编审: |
2019-03-19：lxf
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| 阅读次数: |
31
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