图 书 馆
植物生物技术生产活性物质的机遇与挑战Opportunities and challenges of plant biotechnology for the production of active substances |
|
| 课程网址: | http://videolectures.net/nib_warzecha_plant_biotechnology/ |
| 主讲教师: | Heribert Warzecha |
| 开课单位: | 达姆施塔特工业大学 |
| 开课时间: | 2018-11-20 |
| 课程语种: | 英语 |
| 中文简介: |  植物已经进化出各种各样的生物合成途径，从而形成了多种化学结构。这些所谓的特殊化合物使植物能够与其环境相互作用，是其防御系统的重要组成部分，它们对我们很有价值，因为它们可以用作香料，染料或药物。合成生物学和代谢工程的潜力是允许将植物设计为精细化学品的绿色生物工厂，但是必要的平台和技术仍处于起步阶段。这主要是由于细胞区室，细胞类型和植物器官之间的代谢途径编排复杂。最重要的是，大多数已知代谢途径的遗传学尚未完全解决。以色氨酸衍生的代谢产物为例，我们能够证明简单的生物合成途径可以通过稳定整合和瞬时表达而嫁接到烟草植株中。此外，将来自各种高度不同来源的基因结合在一起，促使了全新的合成途径的形成，从而导致了新的天然植物生成的产品，如卤化靛蓝前体所示。模块化克隆技术能够组装多达12个步骤的途径，但是他们的评估表明，需要仔细设计调节和定位，生物合成基因的可调表达水平对于释放其全部生物制造潜力至关重要。 |
| 课程简介: | Plants have evolved an enormous variety of biosynthetic pathways affording formation of diverse chemical structures. These so-called specialized compounds enable the plant to interact with its environment, are vital components of its defense systems, and they are valuable to us as they can serve as fragrances, dyes, or pharmaceuticals. The potential of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering is to allow the design of plants as green bio-factories of fine chemicals, but the requisite platform and technology are still in their infancy. This is mainly due to the complex orchestration of metabolic pathways between cell compartments, cell types, and plant organs. On top of that, the genetics underlying most of the known metabolic routes has not yet been resolved completely. Exemplified by metabolites derived from tryptophan, we were able to show that simple biosynthetic routes can be grafted into tobacco plants, both by stable integration as well as transient expression. Moreover, combining genes from various, highly disparate sources spurred the formation of entirely new synthetic pathways leading to new-to-nature plant-generated products, as shown for halogenated indigo-precursors. Modular cloning techniques enabled the assembly of pathways comprising up to 12 steps, but their evaluation showed that careful design of regulation and localization is needed and tunable expression levels of biosynthetic genes are crucial to unlock their full bio-manufacturing potential. |
| 关 键 词: | 植物; 合成生物学; 细胞; 克隆 |
| 课程来源: | 视频讲座网 |
| 数据采集: | 2020-09-28：wuyq |
| 最后编审: | 2020-09-29：zyk |
| 阅读次数: | 30 |