图 书 馆
人类启发：为什么有偏见的头脑会做出更好的推断Homo heuristicus: Why biased minds make better inferences |
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| 课程网址: | http://videolectures.net/ijcai2011_gigerenzer_heuristicus/ |
| 主讲教师: | Gerd Gigerenzer |
| 开课单位: | 马克斯普朗克研究所 |
| 开课时间: | 2011-08-23 |
| 课程语种: | 英语 |
| 中文简介: |  启发法是忽略信息的有效认知过程。与普遍认为较少的处理会降低准确性的观点相反，启发式研究表明，较少的信息，计算和时间实际上可以提高准确性。我们回顾了迄今为止取得的主要进展：（a）少发现多影响； （b）研究启发式方法的生态合理性，研究给定策略在哪种环境下成功或失败以及原因； （c）从模糊的标签发展到启发式的计算模型； （d）开发一种启发式的系统理论，该理论确定了他们的基础和他们所开发的能力，并认为认知系统依赖于“自适应工具箱”； （e）开发一种经验方法论，该方法论可以解决个体差异，进行竞争性测试并为人们适应性使用启发式方法提供证据。 Homo heuristicus的思维有偏见，并且忽略了部分可用信息，但是与依靠更多的资源密集型和通用处理策略的无偏见相比，有偏见的思维可以更有效地处理不确定性。 |
| 课程简介: | Heuristics are efficient cognitive processes that ignore information. In contrast to the widely held view that less processing reduces accuracy, the study of heuristics shows that less information, computation, and time can in fact improve accuracy. We review the major progress made so far: (a) the discovery of less-is-more effects; (b) the study of the ecological rationality of heuristics, which examines in which environments a given strategy succeeds or fails, and why; (c) an advancement from vague labels to computational models of heuristics; (d) the development of a systematic theory of heuristics that identifies their building blocks and the evolved capacities they exploit, and views the cognitive system as relying on an “adaptive toolbox;” and (e) the development of an empirical methodology that accounts for individual differences, conducts competitive tests, and has provided evidence for people’s adaptive use of heuristics. Homo heuristicus has a biased mind and ignores part of the available information, yet a biased mind can handle uncertainty more efficiently and robustly than an unbiased mind relying on more resource-intensive and general-purpose processing strategies. |
| 关 键 词: | 观点认知; 依赖性 |
| 课程来源: | 视频讲座网 |
| 数据采集: | 2020-11-12：zyk |
| 最后编审: | 2021-01-08：yumf |
| 阅读次数: | 50 |