图 书 馆
酶动力学中的最大熵产生原理：新颖的理论见解The maximum entropy production principle in enzyme kinetics: novel theoretical insights |
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| 课程网址: | http://videolectures.net/biophysics2018_dobovisek_maximum_entropy... |
| 主讲教师: | Andrej Dobovišek |
| 开课单位: | 马里博尔大学 |
| 开课时间: | 2018-07-09 |
| 课程语种: | 英语 |
| 中文简介: |  细胞和某些类型的生物技术反应器中的酶反应作为开放的热力学系统运行，具有进入和流出的物质通量。通常，此类系统通常远离热力学平衡。尽管已经很好地了解了在（或接近）平衡状态下运行的系统的行为，但开放式非平衡系统的行为却不清楚。最大熵产生原理是热力学最优化的一种类型，它指出开放的非平衡系统自发地趋于具有最大熵产生的稳态。还声称这种状态是系统上统计上最可能的状态，因此以香农信息熵的最大值为特征。我们调查了酶促反应最可能的热力学状态是否确实以最大熵产生为特征。对于五种不同的酶：葡萄糖异构酶，三种不同类型的b内酰胺酶和磷酸三糖磷酸异构酶，我们推导出了熵产生和Shannon信息熵作为酶速率常数的函数。在质量和吉布斯自由能守恒的条件下，关于任意选择的动力学参数，证明了熵产生和香农信息熵中定义明确的全局最大值的共存。通过局部稳定性分析，我们证明了熵产生和信息熵中的最大值并存可能是柔性酶结构的结果，这是不同酶大分子状态之间快速转换所必需的。 |
| 课程简介: | Enzymatic reactions in cells and in certain types of biotechnological reactors operate as open thermodynamic systems with incoming and outgoing fluxes of matter. As a rule, such systems are often shifted far from thermodynamic equilibrium. While behaviour of systems operating in (or close to) equilibrium state is well understood, the behaviour of open non-equilibrium systems is much less clear. The maximum entropy production principle is a type of thermodynamic optimization, which states that open non-equilibrium systems spontaneously approach towards stationary state with maximal entropy production. It is also claimed that such a state is statistically most probable state of the system and thus characterised by the maximum in the Shannon information entropy. We investigated whether the most likely thermodynamic states of enzymatic reactions are indeed characterised by the maximal entropy production. For five different enzymes: Glucose Isomerase, three different types of b-Lactamases and Triose Phosphate Isomerase, we derived the entropy production and the Shannon information entropy as a function of enzyme rate constants. Under the conditions of mass and Gibbs free energy conservations the co-existence of well-defined global maxima in entropy production and Shannon information entropy is demonstrated, with respect to arbitrary chosen kinetic parameter. By the use of local stability analysis we demonstrate that co-existence of maxima in entropy production and information entropy might be a consequence of flexible enzymatic structure, which is required for fast transitions between different enzyme macromolecular states. |
| 关 键 词: | 酶促反应; 最大熵产生原理; 柔性酶结构 |
| 课程来源: | 视频讲座网 |
| 数据采集: | 2020-11-23：cjy |
| 最后编审: | 2020-11-23：cjy |
| 阅读次数: | 52 |