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大数据,心理诊断和对个人自主权的威胁

Big Data, Psychodiagnostics and Threats to Personal Autonomy
课程网址: http://videolectures.net/lawandethics2017_klampfer_musil_big_data...  
主讲教师: Bojan Musil
开课单位: 马里博尔大学
开课时间: 2017-07-24
课程语种: 英语
中文简介:

专家和机构已经警告说,大数据分析对我们的隐私权构成威胁,它对我们传统的刑事责任和正义观念提出了挑战,并对无形和无责任的社会控制水平不断提高的担忧(EDPS 2015)。然而,到目前为止,关于它对我们作为消费者和公民的个人自主权的破坏潜力,迄今几乎没有令人惊讶的记载。考虑到近年来进行和开发的心理诊断研究(Kosinski等2013,Youyou等2015,Park等2015,Musil等2017),这更加令人惊讶,该研究也正在积极推广和使用经济和政治利益相关者以及政党和组织,作为非理性说服力的有力工具。当前成为头条新闻的计算工具。我们试图消除自我提升的迷雾,然后旋转以查看其真实的诊断潜力,而不仅仅是想象或大肆宣传。根据对人们看似无害的在线活动的分析,“心理图”的准确性如何?关于计算机算法可以比我们更了解我们自己的说法有什么实质意义吗?接下来,我们评估大胆的承诺,即了解有关ICT个人用户的各种心理社会事实,使我们能够将每条特定消息与特定收件人的情感,需求和偏好相匹配,这在十年前是无法想象的。我们真的可以通过这项新技术比以往更有效地操纵人们的思想,选择和行为吗?对于我们作为理性和自主的存在的自我理解,更何况这带来了更高的道德地位?操纵是对个人自治的最熟悉但也越来越普遍的威胁之一,而反过来又被普遍认为是值得(甚至)无条件尊重的。因此,从道德的角度出发,必须认真对待每项操纵。但是,有针对性的,个性化的商业和政治在线广告是否完全构成了恶意的,道德上有问题的操纵?为了回答这个问题,我们提供了操纵性的定义,而非非操纵性,态度和行为的影响。然后,我们展示针对性广告,利用互联网用户发现的认知缺陷和可操纵的情感漏洞。我们对政治的商业化感到遗憾,并提供了解释,说明与每天篡改我们的消费主义选择相比,操纵公民的选择尤其成问题的原因。最后,出于政策建议的目的,我们设想了三种未来情况:(a)悲观,(b)乐观和(c)平衡,认为尽管自我调节和数据共享的选择权可能足以满足第二种需求第三,如果我们要维护我们的核心民主价值观和制度,则第一个法案的开始将要求通过限制性的数据保护立法。

课程简介: Experts and institutions have warned of the threat that big data analysis poses to our right to privacy, the challenge it raises to our traditional notions of criminal responsibility and justice, as well as concerns about the rising levels of invisible and unaccountable social control (EDPS 2015). And yet, surprisingly little has been written so far about its damaging potential for our personal autonomy as consumers and citizens. This is even more surprising given the psychodiagnostic research that has been conducted and developed in recent years (Kosinski et al 2013, Youyou et al 2015, Park et al 2015, Musil et al 2017), which is also being aggressively marketed to, and used by, economic and political stakeholders as well as political parties and organizations, as a powerful tool of non-rational persuasion. computing tools that are currently making headlines. We try to dispel the fog of self-promotion and spin to see its real, not merely imagined or hyped-up, diagnostic potential. How accurate are “psychograms” based on an analysis of people’s seemingly innocuous online activities? Is there any substance to the claim that computer algorithms can know us better than we know ourselves? Next, we assess the bold promises that the knowledge of a variety of psycho-social facts about individual users of ICT enables us to match every particular message to a particular addressee’s emotions, needs, and preferences to an extent that was unimaginable a decade ago. Can we really, by means of this new technology, manipulate people’s minds, choices and behavior much more efficiently than ever before? And what implications does this have for our self-understanding as rational and autonomous beings, not to mention the elevated moral standing that comes with it? Manipulation is one of the most familiar but also increasingly common threats to personal autonomy, which in turn is widely considered as worthy of, and even commanding, (almost) unconditional respect. Accordingly, every charge of manipulation needs to be taken seriously from the moral point of view. But does targeted, individualized commercial and political online advertising amount to vicious, morally problematic manipulation at all? In order to answer this, we provide a tentative definition of manipulative, as opposed to nonmanipulative, attitudinal and behavioral influence. We then show targeted advertising exploitative of Internet users’ identified cognitive shortcomings and emotional vulnerabilities manipulative. We lament the commercialization of politics and offer an explanation of what renders manipulation of citizens’ choices particularly problematic, even compared to daily tampering with our consumerist choices. Finally, for the purpose of policy recommendations, we envision three future scenarios: (a) pessimistic, (b) optimistic, and (c) balanced, arguing that while self-regulation and an opt-out option of data sharing may be sufficient for the second and the third, the onset of the first would require the passing of restrictive dataprotection legislation if we are to preserve our core democratic values and institutions.
关 键 词: 大数据分析; 计算机算法; 数据保护立法
课程来源: 视频讲座网
数据采集: 2020-11-26:cjy
最后编审: 2020-11-26:cjy
阅读次数: 40