图 书 馆
论数字计算机系统中因果关系的性质On the Nature of Causation in Digital Computer Systems |
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| 课程网址: | http://videolectures.net/turing100_ellis_computer_systems/ |
| 主讲教师: | George Ellis |
| 开课单位: | 开普敦大学 |
| 开课时间: | 2012-07-10 |
| 课程语种: | 英语 |
| 中文简介: |  数字计算机在硬件和软件方面都是分层结构的模块化系统，体现了诸如抽象和信息隐藏之类的关键功能。真正的复杂性通过自下而上和自上而下的效果层次结构中的相互作用而出现。后者的特征在于通过下层实体的上层功能的多种可实现性，尤其使得自适应选择能够从输入数据流中生成新信息。计算机程序不是物理实体，但是在许多方面具有因果关系，例如，促进象棋规则和金钱价值之类的社会惯例的因果有效性，使诸如数学关系之类的非物理实体能够应用到工程和科学中以及我们对自然法则的理解，并通过互联网的众多应用促进社会互动。他们的发展体现了众多工人在从基本概念到系统设计，从有效算法到高级设计模式等各个方面的综合经验，并且其基于数字系统的非凡能力来表示语言，图片，声音，数学关系，甚至是事实。所有人类知识。因此，尽管它们是算法因果关系的最终选择，正如图灵机所精确描述的那样，数字计算机还是体现并证明了许多非物理实体的因果关系功效。在计算机系统和生物系统之间的结构，功能和发展方面进行类比，可能有助于了解如何从简单的组成部分中产生真正的复杂行为。 |
| 课程简介: | Digital computers are hierarchically structured modular systems on both the hardware and software sides, embodying crucial features such as abstraction and information hiding. True complexity emerges through the interplay in this hierarchy of bottom-up and top-down effects. The latter are characterised by multiple realisability of higher level functions through lower level entities, inter alia enabling adaptive selection to generate new information from incoming data streams. Computer programs are not physical entities, but are nevertheless causally effective in numerous ways,for example facilitating causal effectiveness of social conventions such as the rules of chess and the value of money, enabling application in engineering and science of non-physical entities such as mathematical relationships and our understanding of physical laws, and facilitating social interaction through numerous applications of the internet. Their development embodies the combined experience of numerous workers in aspects ranging from basic concepts to system design to effective algorithms to high level design patterns, and is based in the extraordinary ability of digital systems to represent language, pictures,sound, mathematical relationships, and indeed all human knowledge. Hence although they are the ultimate in algorithmic causation, as characterized so precisely by Turing machines, digital computers embody and demonstrate the causal efficacy of many kinds of non-physical entities. Developing the analogies between computer systems and biological systems in terms of their structures, functioning, and development may help to understand how truly complex behaviour can emerge from simple constituents. |
| 关 键 词: | 数字计算机; 因果关系 |
| 课程来源: | 视频讲座网 |
| 数据采集: | 2021-05-08：zyk |
| 最后编审: | 2021-05-08：zyk |
| 阅读次数: | 35 |