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认知控制：了解大脑的执行力
Cognitive Control: Understanding the Brain's Executive |
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| 课程网址: |
http://videolectures.net/mitworld_miller_ccube/
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| 主讲教师: |
Earl K. Miller
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| 开课单位: |
麻省理工学院
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| 开课时间: |
2010-09-08
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| 课程语种: |
英语
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| 中文简介: |
我们经常认为我们知道猫与狗之间的区别是理所当然的。我们在哪里以及如何存储将“猫”分类在我们脑海中的视觉信息，以便下次我们看到一只猫，我们知道它不是一只狗？Earl Miller已经研究过这种与猴子分类的过程，以便更好地理解人脑的过程。米勒的研究主要集中在前额叶皮层，即负责更高层次智力或“执行活动”的大脑部分。监视猴子的大脑，看看它的“猫识别”神经元如何发射电信号，使这个过程能够发挥作用。他已经确定，当猴子学习任务时，前额叶皮层非常活跃，然后当任务变为自动时，它会“脱机”。就像人类学习驾驶汽车一样，起初我们将精力集中在每一个转向或制动的动作上，但最终驾驶变得有些常规。为这些执行脑功能定位神经和化学途径可能最终导致针对注意力缺陷多动障碍和自闭症等功能障碍的治疗。
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| 课程简介: |
We often take it for granted that we know the difference between a cat and a dog. Where and how do we store the visual information that categorizes “catness” in our minds, so that the next time we see a cat, we know that it is not a dog? Earl Miller has studied this process of categorization with monkeys to better understand the human brain’s processes. Miller’s research is focused on the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for higher level intellectual or “executive activities”. A monkey’s brain is monitored to see how its “cat- recognition” neurons fire electric signals that enable this process to work. He has determined that the prefrontal cortex is extremely active when the monkey learns a task, and then goes “offline” when the task becomes automatic. Like humans learning to drive a car, at first we focus mental effort on each act of steering or braking, but eventually driving becomes somewhat routine. Mapping neural and chemical pathways for these executive brain functions may ultimately lead to therapies for dysfunctions such at attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism.
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| 关 键 词: |
视觉信息; 大脑执行力; 注意力缺陷多动障碍; 自闭症
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| 课程来源: |
视频讲座网
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| 最后编审: |
2019-06-06：yuh
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| 阅读次数: |
76
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