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第二基础定律

Foundations of the Second Law
课程网址: http://videolectures.net/mitworld_silbey_fsl/  
主讲教师: Speranta Gheorghiu-Svirschevski, Dorion Sagan, Robert J. Silbey, Owen Maroney, Silviu Guiasu, Ping Ao, Jochen Gemmer, Bernard Guy, Gian Paolo Beretta, Seth Lloyd
开课单位: 麻省理工学院
开课时间: 2013-07-24
课程语种: 英语
中文简介:
九位小组成员开始非常简短地讨论研讨会的一些关键问题。劳埃德讨论了麦克斯韦恶魔悖论和自旋回波效应，以及在某些情况下，如何明显违反热力学第二定律时，提出了西拉德的引擎和兰道尔的擦除原则.Silviu Guiasu旨在表明经典力学的微观可逆性之间没有矛盾，正如汉密尔顿所描述的那样。运动方程，以及熵增加所描述的宏观不可逆性.Ping Ao认为达尔文进化论背后的动力学“提供了一种自然的框架“用于热力学，它仍然可以将全局陈述翻译成精确的数学语言。”Jochen Gemmer讨论了Hilbert空间中的气泡，同时研究了我们如何克服量子动力学和热力学之间明显的矛盾.Bernard Guy专注于它之间的联系。第二定律和时间问题，寻求理解可逆性和不可逆性的反对的线索。他看到了在认知主义者和物理学家的不同世界中冲突的时间和空间结构.Gian Paulo Berretta称赞Keenan和Hatsopoulos的开创性工作和“开拓直觉”，这激发了对诸如熵是否是熵的内在属性等基本问题的新答案。如果不可逆性是微观动力学的一个内在特征.Pranta Gheorghiu Svirschevski认为非线性方法可以帮助调和第二定律和量子进化。特别是，她寻求“调和地方和可分离性”的方法，同时承认普遍的智慧说这不可能.Dorion Sagan说“自从达尔文以来，生活被认为是第二定律的例外。”相反“熵，相反，能量传播和进化是密不可分的。”萨根认为“生命可能只是另一种能量传播系统”，“死亡就是我们给生命网络特定部分带来不可避免的破坏的名称”。
课程简介: The nine panelists set out to address, very briefly, some of the key questions of the symposium. Seth Lloyd discusses the Maxwell demon paradox and the spin-echo effect, and how in some cases, in an apparent violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics “entropy goes up and whoa, goes down then up.” He notes that when the laws of thermodynamics appear not to be true, “we simply revise our opinions and re-describe” them, which is “a pathetic situation.” Owen Maroney invokes “straightforward statistical mechanical assumptions” in his discussion of whether “something can violate the Second Law or not,” and raises Szilard’s engine and Landauer’s erasure principle. Silviu Guiasu aims to show there is no contradiction between microscopic reversibility of classical mechanics, as described by Hamilton’s equations of motion, and macroscopic irreversibility as described by the increase of entropy. Ping Ao believes the dynamics behind Darwinian evolution “provide a natural framework” for thermodynamics, and it remains to translate “global statements to precise mathematical language.” Jochen Gemmer discusses bubbles in Hilbert space, while examining how we might overcome the apparent contradiction between quantum dynamics and thermodynamics. Bernard Guy focuses on the link between the Second Law and the problem of time, seeking clues for understanding the opposition of reversibility and irreversibility. He sees clashing constructs of time and space in the separate worlds of cognitivists and physicists. Gian Paulo Berretta praises the seminal work and “pioneering intuition” of Keenan and Hatsopoulos, which inspires new answers to such fundamental issues as whether entropy is an intrinsic property of matter, and if irreversibility is an intrinsic feature of microscopic dynamics. Speranta Gheorghiu-Svirschevski believes a nonlinear approach can help reconcile the Second Law and quantum evolution. In particular, she looks for ways to “reconcile locality and separability,” while acknowledging that general wisdom says it’s not exactly possible. Dorion Sagan says that “ever since Darwin, life has been considered an exception to the Second Law.” On the contrary, “entropy, rather, energy spread, and evolution are inextricably linked.” Sagan suggests that “life may just be another energy spreading system,” and “death is the name we give the inevitable disruption of a specific part of life’s network.”
关 键 词: 第二定律; 量子进化; 能量传播系统
课程来源: 视频讲座网
最后编审: 2020-06-08：cxin
阅读次数: 143

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