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实时解码fMRI脑活动模式：从基础研究到临床应用

Decoding fMRI Brain Activity Patterns in Real-Time: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications
课程网址: http://videolectures.net/bbci2012_goebel_brain_activity/  
主讲教师: Rainer Goebel
开课单位: 马斯特里赫特大学
开课时间: 2012-11-03
课程语种: 英语
中文简介:
计算机硬件和软件的最新进展允许对功能磁共振成像数据进行复杂的实时分析，包括多变量模式分析等“脑阅读”方法。先进的在线功能磁共振成像数据分析为脑-机接口（BCI）应用提供了基础，如神经反馈和运动无关的交流。在神经反馈研究中，受试者在进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）测量时观察并学习调节自己的大脑活动。许多神经反馈研究已经证明，经过充分的练习，受试者确实能够学会使用心理任务调节特定大脑区域或网络的大脑活动。这些结果对基础神经科学研究很重要，因为它们可以研究大脑调节自身活动的程度，并有可能解开迄今未知的大脑区域的功能。除了基础研究应用外，我们最近发现，功能磁共振成像神经反馈可能成为一种有价值的治疗工具，可以帮助患有帕金森氏症和抑郁等情绪障碍的患者。此外，我们还发现，参与者诱发的激活模式可以被“解码”并在网上解释为字母表中的字母，这为患有严重运动障碍的人提供了“书写”完全由心理图像控制的字母的可能性。为了让患有严重运动障碍的患者在床边使用开发的通讯工具，我们目前将我们的方法转移到功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）上，该技术与功能磁共振成像（fMRI）一样，可以测量脑血流动力学信号。最后，我们将介绍超高场功能磁共振成像测量（7特斯拉扫描仪）的最新结果，它实现了亚毫米级的功能空间分辨率，允许在皮层柱和皮层层的水平上破解特定大脑区域内的代表性代码。这些新的可能性对于提高我们对大脑组织的认识极其重要，但它们也将使更多特定于内容的脑机接口应用成为可能。
课程简介: Recent progress in computer hard- and software allows the sophisticated analysis of fMRI data in real-time including "brain reading" methods such as multivariate pattern analysis. Advanced online fMRI data analysis provides the basis for brain-computer Interface (BCI) applications such as neurofeedback and motor-independent communication. In neurofeedback studies, subjects observe and learn to modulate their own brain activity during an ongoing fMRI measurement. Many neurofeedback studies have demonstrated that with sufficient practice, subjects are indeed able to learn to modulate brain activity in specific brain areas or networks using mental tasks. These results are important for basic neuroscience research, because they allow to study the degree to which the brain can modulate its own activity and to potentially unravel the function of hitherto unknown brain areas. Besides basic research applications, we have recently shown that fMRI neurofeedback may become a valuable therapeutic tool to help patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and mood disorders such as depression. Furthermore, we have shown that activation patterns evoked by participants can be ‘decoded’ and interpreted online as letters of the alphabet offering the possibility for people with severe motor impairments to ‘write’ letters purely controlled by mental imagery. In order to allow patients with severe motor impairments to use the developed communication tool at the bedside, we currently transfer our approach to functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that, like fMRI, measures hemodynamic brain signals. Finally we will present recent results from ultra-high field fMRI measurements (7 Tesla scanners) that achieve sub-millimeter functional spatial resolution allowing to crack the representational code within specialized brain areas at the level of cortical columns and cortical layers. These new possibilities are extremely important to advance our knowledge of brain organization but they will also enable more content-specific BCI applications.
关 键 词: 磁共振; 大脑组织; 神经科学
课程来源: 视频讲座网
数据采集: 2020-12-14：yxd
最后编审: 2020-12-14：yxd
阅读次数: 55

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